2.1) (a) 11010, (b) 10100, (c) 11110, (d) 10010

3.2) F = (x + y)'(x' + y')

6.3) (a) Asynchronous sequential circuit, (b) Synchronous sequential circuit

4.2) (a) 2-to-4 decoder, (b) 4-to-1 multiplexer

: These solutions are provided for educational purposes only. It is recommended that students attempt to solve the exercises on their own before referring to these solutions.